The egyptian people are part of the arab nation and work for the realization of its comprehensive unity. Article 1 the arab republic of egypt is an independent sovereign state, united and indivisible, its system democratic. On a more positive note, the farreaching sharia provisions of the 2012 law have. Constitution of egypt of 2012 wikisource, the free online. The selection process of a nagayan comics pdf download new president of the republic shall start sixty days. Egypts controversial new constitution has been signed into law by president mohammed morsi, a day after he. This document was submitted to a referendum on june 23, 1956. It was signed into law by president mohamed morsi on 26 december 2012, after it was approved by the constituent assembly on 30 november 2012 and passed in a referendum held 1522 december 2012 with 64% support, and a turnout of 33%. Egypt s new constitution was adopted on december 22, 2012.
Egypt has operated under several constitutions, both as a monarchy and, after 1952, as a republic. Egypt draft constitution may ban religious political parties. The arab republic of egypt is an independent, united sovereign state that cannot be. Egypts new constitution was adopted on december 22, 2012 amid intense political tensions and deep rifts between islamists and liberal forces. Egyptian journalists opposed the draft constitution because they believed it would limit freedom of expression. Mohamed morsi signs egypts new constitution into law. Egypt approves draft constitution despite objections the. In egypt, the process of writing and ratifying a new constitution was overseen first by supreme council of the armed forces scaf, then by the newly elected president morsi and by scaf again, when the army moved to depose mr morsi and the government of the muslim brotherhood party.
Law on the the preference of the egyptian products in government contracts law no. And in south africa, new media regulations and evidence of pervasive corruption within the african national congress leadership threaten to undermine the countrys past achievements in peaceful democratic change. Article 6 the egyptian nationality is defined by the law. New york the final draft of a constitution approved on november 29, 2012, by egypts 100member constituent assembly protects some rights but undermines others. Egypts new constitution limits fundamental freedoms and. Proposed egyptian constitution would limit media freedom. According to the source, the committee has agreed that the new constitution will ban political parties based on religious ideology. Jul 29, 2014 this article explores meaning of the rule of law for egypt after mubarak. It was accepted by the electorate and is now the law of the land. Egypt to hold december referendum on new constitution bbc news. The new members term is complementary to that of his predecessor. Egypts new constitution limits fundamental freedoms and ignores the rights of women 30 november 2012, 00. In the 2012 constitution, relations between men and women were subject to sharia law.
Nov 30, 2012 protesters took to the streets in cairo and other egyptian cities today over a draft constitution written by islamists. Image caption islamists showed support for the president and his constitution on saturday. Article 10 unity of the egyptian society egyptian society shall be based on unity and social solidarity with respect to the protection of lives. The june 2012 declaration establishes that the military is a selfgoverning authority that is free to operate without any form of external oversight, including by the states civilian and elected authorities. Draft dated 30 november 2012 of the constitution of the arab republic of egypt unofficial translation prepared by international idea. Liberal and secular forces distrust the countryhs democratically, but narrowly elected president, mohammed morsi, an islamist and former leading muslim brotherhood activist. Vice president of the supreme constitutional court of egypt. This article explores meaning of the rule of law for egypt after mubarak. The economic foundation of the arab republic of egypt is the socialist democratic. New constitutionmaking in 20 on 8 july 20, the interim president issued a 33article constitutional declaration cd providing a roadmap foramendingthe 2012 constitution. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt cairo. The new egyptian constitution, despite being written after january 25 revolution and 40 years from the emergence of modern constitutions, remains traditional it its form and content. If a student of constitutional texts reads the egyptian constitution of 2012 from beginning to end, he or she will find much of it familiar a great deal of the language, structure, and institutions are common to constitutions in many countries around the world.
The constitution of the arab republic of egypt was the former fundamental law of egypt. Egypts controversial new constitution has been signed into law by president mohammed morsi, a day after he announced it had been approved by a large. The political battle over drafting a new egyptian constitution reflects the deep divisions in post mubarak egypt. Unlike the 2012 constitution that was dominated by islamists who succeeded in using sharia to dominate the 2012 constitution to the detriment of minority rights, the new egyptian constitution obligates the state to promote and guarantee equality between men and women in all civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights and provides.
If a student of constitutional texts sat down to read the draft egyptian constitution from beginning to end, he or she would find much of it familiar the language, structure, and institutions would seem to bear resemblances to constitutions in many. The members come from different parties and are publicly supportive of president abdelfattah alsisi. While the new constitution does not make egypt a parliamentary system, it does give the parliament more authority. Egyptian women and men will have to remain vigilant to ensure that these hard won freedoms are not sacrificed on the altar of stability, and that they are. Egypt to hold december referendum on new constitution.
Feb 23, 2020 the egyptian people are part of the arab and islamic nations, proud of belonging to the nile valley and africa and of its asian reach, a positive participant in human civilization. Draft constitution of the arabic republic of egypt up to date as of 20 september 2012 unofficial translation prepared on behalf of international idea. The new draft constitution has removed language and. Dec 01, 2012 image caption islamists showed support for the president and his constitution on saturday. The new constitution limits the president to two fouryear terms. The constitutional text departs from egypt s authoritarian path, but also from a previous consensus among political forces to curb presidential powers. Some egyptian politicians see this constitution as a major threat to democracy and call for a solution to reintroduce the egyptian constitution of 1971, although in the new constitution as opposed to the old constitution the way to absolutism and autocracy is blocked, mainly due to the limitation of power of the president. Egypts 2012 constitution united states institute of peace. New constitution making in 20 on 8 july 20, the interim president issued a 33article constitutional declaration cd providing a roadmap foramendingthe 2012 constitution. On 14 february, parliament voted to advance the proposed amendments with 485 members in favour. The state shall guarantee the achievement of equality between women and men in all their civil and political rights and their economic, social and cultural rights, in accordance with the provisions of the constitution. Egypts constitution making process has seemingly attained warp speed.
The new draft constitution has removed language and articles favored by the islamists. Amid intense political contestation and deep rifts between islamists and liberal political forces. The 2012 constitution was presented as an inclusive document representing the goals of all egyptian society sectors seeking to change egypt. Nov 30, 2012 new york the final draft of a constitution approved on november 29, 2012, by egypts 100member constituent assembly protects some rights but undermines others. Seven upholding national unity is an obligation of state and society, for it is the cornerstone of building a modern egypt and the path to progress and development. Several articles include stronger emphasis on religion than the 1971 constitution, yet its. Constitution of egypt of 2012 wikisource, the free. In egypts new constitution, are women equal citizens. Egypt draft constitution may ban religious political. Egyptian assembly passes draft constitution despite protests this article is more than 7 years old controversial document pushed through as country reels from protests over president mohamed morsi. A constitutional amendments referendum was held from 20 to 22 april 2019.
Egyptians appear to have approved a controversial new constitution in a referendum, unofficial and preliminary results indicate. The constitution took effect after the results were announced on 18 january 2014. Islam in egypts new constitution carnegie endowment for. This document has been recompiled and reformatted using texts collected in international ideas constitutionnet. New york, december 4, 2012 the proposed egyptian constitution would impose several new restrictions on press freedomincluding the creation of a new government regulator and new governmental authority to shut media outletswhile doing nothing to halt the criminal prosecution of journalists, which was a hallmark of the hosni mubarak regime, the committee to protect journalists said today.
We the citizens, women and men, the egyptian people, sovereigns in a sovereign homeland, this is the manifestation of our volition, this is the constitution of our revolution. Here are the points many in egypt are talking about. The new constitution no longer specifically forbids discrimination on the basis of gender but calls for freedom. Egyptian islamists approve draft constitution despite objections egypts constitution committee met in cairo on thursday for a vote on the draft. The first and most liberal of these was the 1923 constitution, which was promulgated just after britain declared egypts independence. All constitutional declarations that the supreme council of the armed forces and the president of the republic issued between february 11, 2011, and the entry into effect of the constitution are hereby repealed. December 1, 20, is meant to replace egypts 2012 constitution, which was. Provisions of the constitution summarized preamble the new constitution is the first to be drafted in the name of the egyptian people.
The egyptian current party has asked voters to vote no on the constitution. Draft of the constitution of the arab republic of egypt up. The egyptian judiciary shall carry out its mission in defending the constitution, upholding justice and protecting rights and freedoms. December 1, 20, is meant to replace egypts 2012 constitution, which was written by an islamist majority and approved by a december 2012 referendum with 63 percent of the vote. Despite cautious liberalisation in a few limited areas, egypts new constitution of.
According to article 28 of the cd, a 10member legal 4 see for example egypt independents article,egyptian churches withdrew from constituent assembly,17. Egyptian assembly passes draft constitution despite. On 3 february 2019, 155 members of parliament submitted a request to amend 12 articles of the egyptian constitution and to add nine new articles. Egypts 2012 constitution devil in the details, not in religion summary amid intense political contestation and deep rifts between islamists and liberal political forces, egypts new constitution was adopted on december 22, 2012. The arab republic of egypt is a socialist democratic state based on the alliance of the working forces of the people. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt after the. Egyptian constitution approved in referendum bbc news. In the eyes of the supporters of the june 30 movement that paved the way for the military coup, or at least in the eyes of its liberal supporters, the 2014 constitution was intended to correct the illiberal or islamist provisions of the 2012 constitution which, in their opinion, had been forced down the throat of the egyptian public by a. The strong egypt party announced that it would launch a no vote campaign on the draft constitution. From the perspective of equal citizenship, the constitution does not reach a satisfactory level in any of the. The arab forum for alternatives afa and global partners governance gpg organized. Several articles include stronger emphasis on religion than the 1971 constitution, yet its character is largely secular. Egypts new constitution may ban all religious political parties, sources told ahram online, as the armybacked interim government hints that it may declare the muslim brotherhood a terrorist organization after clashes that have left over 800 dead. Blessed with a unique location and history, the arab nation of egypt is the heart of.
According to article 28 of the cd, a 10member legal 4 see for example egypt independents article, egyptian churches withdrew from constituent assembly,17. December 1, 20, is meant to replace egypt s 2012 constitution, which was written by an islamist majority and approved by a december 2012 referendum with 63 percent of the vote. Egypts government services portal laws and constitution. Commentary to the constitutional declaration dated 17 june 2012 the egyptian constitutional declaration dated 17 june 2012 a commentary introduction the popular uprising that commenced in egypt in january 2011 has given rise to a number of unpredictable events that have affected egypts transition to democracy. Indepth analysis of the main elements of the new constitution. Constitutional developments in egypt in 2011 by mr. Egypts recently finalised draft charter introduced a large number of new articles to, as well as omitted others from, the controversial 2012 constitution predominantly drafted by the islamist. Fundamental changes must be introduced to the 2012 islamistbacked constitution, ahram online quoted a source close to the committee as saying. Mar 06, 2014 unlike the 2012 constitution that was dominated by islamists who succeeded in using sharia to dominate the 2012 constitution to the detriment of minority rights, the new egyptian constitution obligates the state to promote and guarantee equality between men and women in all civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights and provides.
The egyptian constitutional declaration dated 17 june 2012. President mohammed morsi has said egypts new draft constitution will be put to a referendum on 15 december. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt is the fundamental law of egypt. Several articles include a stronger emphasis on religion than the 1971 constitution but its character is largely secular. Nov 30, 2012 egyptian islamists approve draft constitution despite objections egypts constitution committee met in cairo on thursday for a vote on the draft. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt is the fundamental law of egypt the egyptian constitution of 2014 was passed in a referendum in january 2014. Article 2 islam is the religion of the state and arabic its official language. Mohamed morsi signs egypts new constitution into law egypt. Part two basic constituents of the society chapter i social and moral constituents. This is not in keeping with the 1971 egyptian constitution, and is in sharp contrast with established principles of democratic governance. The egyptian people are part of the arab and islamic nations, proud of belonging to the nile valley and africa and of its asian reach, a positive participant in human civilization. Constitution of egypt constitution, egypt britannica. The egyptian people, is the sole source of authority.
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